Noun(ବିଶେଷ୍ୟ)
The name of anything is called noun.It is a word used as the name of a person,place or thing.
👉 Generally Noun’s divided into two parts, they are
1. Concrete Noun
2. Abstract Noun.
A concrete noun is a noun that can be identified through one of the five senses (taste, touch, sight, hearing, or smell).
Concrete Noun is subdivided in four parts they are:
A) Proper Noun
⮕ It is the name of a particular person, place or object.
⮕ A proper noun always begins with a capital letter.⮕ E.g. Mr.Pranab Mukherjee,Rani Mukharjee,Ganga ,Manoj etc.
B) Common Noun
⮕ It is the general name of persons, animals,things or objects.
⮕ E.g. city, children,King,boy etc.
C) Collective Noun
⮕ It is the name given to a group or a class.
E.g.mob,nation,fleet,board,army etc.
D) Material Noun
⮕ It is the name of substance or materials.
⮕ E.g. water,iron,sugar,wood, steel etc.
| Description | Collective Noun |
| A bundle of keys 🗝️ | bunch |
| A collection of ships | fleet |
| A group of directors | bord |
| A collection of soldiers | Army |
| A group of ladies | bevy |
| A group of people | crowd |
| A group of wild animals | zoo |
| A collection of geese | gaggle |
| A collection of trees | grove |
| A collection of flowers 🌹 | bouquet |
| A group of thievs | gang |
| A group of stars | cluster |
| A collection of tools | set |
| A group of bees | swarm |
| A collection of puppies | litter |
| A number of players | team |
| A set of rooms | suite |
| A number of sailors | crew |
| A number of judges | jury |
| A number of chickens hatched at the same time | brood |
| A number of cattle | herd |
| A number of fruit trees | orchard |
| A number of people listening to a concert or lecture | congregation |
| A number of drawers | chest |
| A number of sticks | bundle |
| A number of hounds | pack |
| A number of dancers | troupe |
A noun that denotes some quality ,state or action is called an abstract noun.
An abstract noun is a noun that can’t be perceived (माना जाता है) one of the five sense (test,touch,sight, hearing or smell).
E.g. Growth,Advice,Birth,Patience,Darkness,beauty,honesty,death,youth etc.
Rule of Noun
Rule-1
(A) Uncountable Nouns are used in singular forms only.
(b) Indefinite articles are not used before them (a,an)
(c) They are not used with plural verbs.Some of the important nouns of this kind :
advice, information,hair,luggage,business,work,word
(in the sense of promise,message,discussion), mischief,bread, scenery,abuse, vacation,money, knowledge, evidence, employment,alphabet, poetry,food, furniture,baggage, fuel, paper,equipment, machinery, material etc.
Example-:
🪴He gave meaninformation.
🪴 You should be true to your words.
🪴 He was punished for committingmanymuch mischief.
mischiefsRule-2
Offspring, deer, fish,sheep,swine,pan,species,series,yoke,corps,brace are expressed as singular or plural only by the use of verb. Both in singular and the plural they have the same form.
(i) Sheep
sare economically useful.
(il) A sheep is grazing in the field.
(iii) Fishfishescan’t live without water.NOTE: ‘Fishes’ may be used in the sense of different number and kind.
Rule-3
There are some nouns that
express length, measure, money, weight, and number. These nouns when preceded by a numeral remain unchanged in form.Some of the important nouns of this kind :
foot,metre,pair, dozen,hundred, score etc.
Example-:
🪴 The snake charmer caught asix-feetsix-foot cobra.
🪴 I bought four dozensbanana.
| COUNTABLE | UNCOUNTABLE |
| Dollar | Money |
| Song | Music |
| Suitcase | Luggage |
| Table | Furniture |
| Battery | Electricity |
| Bottle | Wine |
| Report | Information |
| Tip | Advice |
| Journey | Travel |
| Job | Work |
| View | Scenery |
¶ There are some nouns which always exist in plural forms. We cannot remove the “s” present in their ends to make them singular.
- Such nouns are — Scissors, Spectacles, Sunglasses, Pajamas, Shorts, Goggles, Pliers,
Bellows, Trousers, Pants, Fireworks, Assets, Surroundings, Savings, Troops, Tactics, Thanks, Wages, Belongings etc.
• Your pajamas have been shorter now.
• The troops have arrived.
• My savings have been used in maintenance.
• Plural nouns:-
scissors, pinchers, measles, oats
bellows, mumps tongs, Snuffers,
victuals, dregs, cattle, tweezers,
trousers, shears, vespers
• The plural form of “Alumnus” is “Alumni.”
| SINGULAR | PLURAL |
| 1.son-in-law | sons-in-law |
| 2.daughter-in-law | daughters-in-law |
| 3.maid of honor | maids of honor |
| 4.secretary of state | secretaries of state |
| 5.brother-in-law | brothers-in-law |
| 6.bus stop | bus stops |
| 7.full moon | full moons |
| 8.water-bottle | water-bottles |
| 9.Knight Templar | Knights Templar |
• With a term in the form [word] of [word] (e.g., “cup of tea”), the first word is always the principal word. Form the plural by pluralizing the first word.
| 10. Cup of tea | Cups of tea |
| 11. Man of war | Men of war |
| 12. Right of passage | Rights of passage |
| • Commander-in-chief | Commanders-in-chief |
• When a compound noun consists of a noun and a preposition, pluralize the noun.
| 13.Passer-by | passers-by |
| 14. Hanger-on | Hangers-on |
• When a compound noun consists of a verb and a preposition, add an “s” to the end.
| 15.check-in | check-ins |
| 16. build-up | build-ups |
| 17.take-out | take-outs |
| 18.love-in | love-ins |
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